Wednesday, December 25, 2019

My Christmas Story The True Meaning Of Christmas

â€Å"My Christmas Story: The True Meaning of Christmas† â€Å"C’mon Star, we can do it! We’re going to win!† I yelled. We’re in first place, and approaching the finish line. The pounding of my horse’s hooves as she galloped and the flow of her beautiful white mane made me feel like a wild horse in its heard. I felt free. Then, before I knew it, the finish line was right in front of us, and- â€Å"Gracie, wake up!† someone yelled. I slightly opened my eyes to see who it was. There, standing by the side of my bed, was my little sister, Ryleigh. I moaned. I hate it when she wakes me up, I don’t know why, it’s just how she does it. â€Å"Five more minutes,† I mumbled, â€Å"I’m about to win.† â€Å"Win what?† she asked. â€Å"I’m about to win.† I repeated. â€Å"Okay, winner†¦show more content†¦Let us know when you’re done and we’ll get the ornaments.† I said. â€Å"Okay, I will.† he said. Then, we went to the kitchen where my mom was cooking. â€Å"Good morning, Mom.† I said. â€Å"Good morning, sleepy head.† she said. â€Å"I thought you would never get up.† â€Å"Haha. Well, if it weren’t for Ryleigh, I would’ve.† I laughed. â€Å"Can you go ahead and get ready?† she asked, â€Å"We need to be at Granny’s in a few hours.† â€Å"Sure.† said Ryleigh and I. Then, my dog, Remi, came in through the doggy door and tackled me. â€Å"Yes, good morning to you too hyper.† I laughed, â€Å"Are you hungry?† She barked repeatedly. That means yes. So, I feed her and gave her water â€Å"Okay, girls! I’m ready!† Dad called from the living room. â€Å"Okay Dad!† Ryleigh yelled back, â€Å"C’mon Gracie, let’s get the ornaments out. Then, when we get back, we can decorate the tree.† â€Å"Okay.† I said. We went to the storage room and pulled out a big red container that we kept our ornaments in. We then brought it to the living room and put it beside the tree, â€Å"Thanks girls. You’re a big help.† Dad said. â€Å"No problem, Dad.† Ryleigh said, â€Å"Now we can get ready.† We all went to our rooms to get ready. I pulled off my slippers and pajamas, put my Christmas outfit on with my Santa hat and boots, and brushed and fixed my hair. My mom even let me wear some makeup! After I was ready, I grabbed my mom’s keys and started her car. Then, I went and grabbed the presents and the casserole and put them in the trunk. After everyone was ready,Show MoreRelatedIs Christmas Lost Its Significance?986 Words   |  4 PagesHas Christmas lost its significance? When stores start putting out Christmas decorations in October, it is unhesitatingly apparent that Christmas has become too commercialized. Wishing someone a Merry Christmas, has become almost non-existent to express. In today s society, it seems everyone has to be politically correct as to not offend anyone. Retail establishments and the workplace alike have also de-valued the true meaning of Christmas. 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Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Self Awareness and the Effective Leader Example

Essays on Self Awareness and the Effective Leader Article Self-awareness and Leadership Self-awareness is key to leadership because leaders must be able to see beyond themselves in order to inspire or create something new. Leaders are individuals that are not obsessed with their own failings or their own strengths (Musslewhite, 2007). Being self-aware means you understand who you are, what your purpose is and how you can contribute to the overcoming of obstacles. People that are not self-aware tend to have a skewed vision of themselves. They either think they are much better at something than their abilities allow, or they feel that they are powerless to enact change because they to not recognize their own inherent strengths. With way, the person that lacks self-awareness is not fit for true leadership because leaders are dynamic and outward looking, not inward dwelling. Leadership and self-confidence are closely related. You absolutely must believe in a course of action if you are going to lead other people down the path that the course follows. This self-confidence needs to be grounded in a firm understanding of your own abilities, and understanding of the tasks that must be accomplished and the setting of attainable goals that will allow you to show progress as a leader. True-self confidence is reserved for people with high levels of self-awareness. Self-awareness and self-confidence are not the same attribute, but they are closely related. Confidence grows out of awareness. As a leader is successful in enacting real and meaningful change, as the leader creates new tools, product and processes, a positive feedback loop is established between a person’s growing self-awareness and their growing self-confidence (Hooper, 2011). This positive feedback is what inspires leaders to keep creating and inspiring others to create. Self-Awareness and Management Self-awareness is one of the most important attributes a good manager can have. Management requires sound judgment, patience and an acute sense of fairness. The manager is not interested in innovation or inspiration. Managers maintain the status quo and provide a sense of direction and stability that is important for the overall health and functioning of the organization. Self-awareness is vital for managers because individuals that are self-aware do not engage in behaviors that disrupt stability and the status quo. Individuals that are self-aware understand their strengths and weakness and take ownership for both in equal measure (Noble, 2012). They do not seek to spread blame when the blame lies with their own decisions. Managers do not engage in petty politics or power struggles if they are self-aware. Managers that are jealous, spiteful or vindictive all suffer from a lack of understanding about their purpose within the organization and what needs to be done in order to be an effective manager. People lacking self-awareness are insecure and often see other people as threats to their position and authority within the organization. Managers need self-awareness just as much as leaders do. We often tend to portray good management as somehow inferior to good leadership. Leadership is dynamic and glamorous, but management is essential to the success of the business or organization. Self-awareness is vital for both types of jobs. Works Cited Hooper, Dennis. "Feedback, Self-Awareness and Confidence." Houston Home Journal (2011). Print. Musselwhite, Chris. "Self Awareness and the Effective Leader - Leading a Company - Employee Feedback | Inc.com." Small Business Ideas and Resources for Entrepreneurs. Mansueto Ventures LLC, 1 Oct. (2007). . Noble, Jeri. "Self-Awareness and Acceptance for Confidence and Self- Esteem." Personal Development and Growth, Life Purpose, Reflexology Foot Chart. HeartCore Corporation (2011). Web. 19 Jan. 2012. .

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Auditing in ERP System Environments

Question: Discuss about the Auditing in ERP System Environments. Answer: Introduction Advancement in technology is likely to influence auditors in various ways. Ideally, they will have to incorporate continuous auditing into the audit process. The research question of this paper is what continuous auditing has in store for auditors in the future. Its rationale is to outline continuous auditing and its impact to auditors, to examine the internal controls of the ever-changing IT, to discuss the key auditing aspects of new IT, to address its challenges to audit firms and companies, to comment on what auditors are most concerned with, and to discuss the audit process. Continuous Auditing is as a process of gathering evidence electronically to form a basis that can give an accurate and fair opinion on the financial statements of a company (Rezaee, Elam, and Sharbatoghlie, 2001, pp.150-158). Ideally, it is a process of collecting, evaluating, and presenting audit evidence to determine the internal control system of a firm is efficiency and effectiveness in protecting the companys assets, ensuring the integrity of data, and producing correct information that is deemed reliable. Continuous Auditing has various implications for independent auditors. The first impact on continuous auditing on independent auditors is that they will be required to increase knowledge of the enterprise and its industry. The main reason is to make sure electronic information is relevant and reliable (Kuhn Jr, and Sutton, 2010, pp.91-112). The second implication on continuous auditing on independent auditors is that he will have to familiarize himself with the internal control system of the client. The third implication on continuous auditing (CA) on independent auditors is that he will need to implement an audit plan that is oriented towards control risk. This audit program will have an aim of focusing on the adequacy and effectiveness of internal control activities of a corporation. Besides, the company being audited will incur additional costs when preparing the control risk-oriented audit plans. The company secrets might also leak to the competitors as the auditors would be required to perform a better understanding of the enterprise on how transactions flow within the business and the control activities implemented on those transactions (Kuhn Jr, and Sutton, 2010, pp.91-112). The audit profession will be affected in that they would have to prepare their mindset on the fact that they would be required to incorporate technology in the review process such as the use of continuous auditing (CA) which would require proficiency in technological aspects. Lastly, the level of trust between the company and the auditor will increase as the integrity of management would be maintained and the company would be assured that the auditor would act in the best interest of the firm. Examination of the Ever-changing IT Technology is advancing rapidly. It, therefore, calls for auditors to strengthen the internal control system of the ever-changing IT world. In this case, the audit firms will have to use management assertions to determine whether the internal controls implemented strong or weak. The first administration claim that the auditor will use in the ever changing IT is the validity of data (Alles, Kogan, and Vasarhelyi, 2008, pp.195-214). Here, the auditor will be required to use observation to determine whether the data presented by the firm is valid or not. The second management assertion that the auditor will use is valuation (Brown, Wong, and Baldwin, 2007, pp.1-28). The auditor can do so by engaging experts to value the assets and liabilities. The third management assertion that the auditor will use to determine the strength of the internal controls is accuracy. This can be ascertained by measuring the assets to determine their correct value. The fourth management assertion that the auditor will use is timeliness. Here, the auditors ought to verify that the transactions presented relate to that fiscal period. The fifth management assertion that the auditor will use is completeness (Brown, Wong, and Baldwin, 2007, pp.1-28). Here, the audit firm needs to assess whether correct journal entries have been made. The sixth management assertion that the auditor will use is authorization. Here, the auditor determines if the purchase and sale of assets have been authorized by the designated personnel. Lastly, in the ever-changing IT world, the auditors would be required to assert the posting and summarization of entries. Here, they can do so by observing and tracing the entries to ensure that they are correctly posted to their respective ledgers. Key Aspects of New IT The key auditing aspects of new IT would involve a dynamic change from the traditional ways in which people or companies perform their administrative tasks (Chan, and Vasarhelyi, 2011, pp.152-160). Here, the firms would be mandated to use technology in their day-to-day operations. In the traditional method, people work with hard copy documents. However, after extensive changes in the new IT, companies would result in a paperless society. The speed in which an audit process can be completed will also be improved with improved accuracy, efficiency, and effectiveness. Continuous Auditing, Its Research, Demand and Challenges to Audit Firms and Corporations Continuous audits are viable, they provided certain, and ensure that interrelated conditions are met (Flowerday, Blundell, and Von Solms, 2006, pp.325-331). These interrelated conditions will involve performing analytical procedures and substantive tests to ascertain the validity, valuation, accuracy, timeliness, completeness, authorization, posting, and summarization of entries, rights and obligations and presentation and disclosure of financial information. Research by academics, experiments made by practitioners and other guidance from standard setters are all-necessary in helping continuous audit evolve (Vasarhelyi, Alles, Kuenkaikaew, and Littley, 2012, pp.267-281). This implies that ongoing review cannot change on its own. It would require other experts to aid in its success. Finally, the demand for reliable, timely, and relevant decision-making information might probably create a need for CA, but auditors will need to position themselves to respond appropriately to the ever-changing marketplace. Audit firms and companies face numerous challenges facing audit firms (Li, Huang, and Lin, 2007, pp.2-13). These challenges include adapting to the change, lack of experts to perform valuations, and the business might not be able to adjust to the ever changing IT. Companies also face other challenges such as loss of confidentiality and privacy of data due to security breaches. What Auditors Are Most Concerned With? Auditors are most concerned with material misstatement (Coderre, Verver, and Warren, 2006). Ideally, their main aim of auditing financial statements of a firm is to determine whether the financial statements have been presented in a view, which is free from any misstatement that may be material to the financial statements. The article states that particular electronic evidence may become present at a certain point in time, but it may not be available after that time if files are changed. These records may contain material misstatement, and that is why the auditors are concerned about the future where the files are changed, there is no backup, and electronic evidence may not be available. Audit Process, Analytical Procedures, Tests of Balances, and Tests of Transactions Auditors perform various audit procedures that enable them collect sufficient and adequate audit evidence and use that evidence as a basis for giving an opinion on the true and fair view of the financial statements. Auditors use substantive tests to ascertain whether the financial statements portray a true picture. These substantive criteria include analytical procedures, a test of transactions, and test of balances. Analytical methods are studies of relationships and comparisons among financial data (Hunton, and Rose, 2010, pp.297-312). Ideally, they involve calculation of rates and comparing them with those of prior years to ascertain whether there is an abnormal deviation. Auditors are therefore required to use of IT, and continuous auditing makes to perform analytical procedures. Analytical methods are carried out in the planning phase of the audit to understand the client's business and industry better, to gather evidence against any possible material misstatement and at the financial reporting period. With the use of computer-aided technology and concurrent audit techniques, analytical procedures can prove to be the cheapest audit tests to conduct. Auditors also conduct tests on transactions to assess if erroneous processing of the operations might lead to material misstatement (Du, and Roohani, 2007, pp.133-146). It includes balance sheet auditing where the auditor traces the journal entries to their original documents. Under continuous auditing, auditors conduct these tests to reduce the extent at which the substantive tests will be done after the balance sheet date. This implies that if the evidence gathered indicates that that the financial statements might be materially misstated, and then more substantive tests will be conducted. Tests of balances are tests performed after the date of the balance sheet to gather sufficient and adequate evidence that would provide a reasonable basis for expressing an view on the financial statements (Hunton, and Rose, 2010, pp.297-312). They include accounts receivable confirmations, physical inventory counts, and recalculation of depreciation on fixed assets. Apparently, the scope of tests of balances will depend on the results of the tests of transactions and analytical procedures. Conclusion Continuous auditing is likely to affect the future for audit. With CA, the review process will be efficient and effective, as it will provide sufficient and adequate audit evidence to be able to express an opinion about the financial statements presented by the business. This paper will influence future reviews in that audit firms will have to use technology to gather evidence to build trust between them and the company being audited. References Alles, M.G., Kogan, A. and Vasarhelyi, M.A., 2008. Putting continuous auditing theory into practice: Lessons from two pilot implementations.Journal of Information Systems,22(2), pp.195-214. Retrieved on 30th December 2016. Brown, C.E., Wong, J.A. and Baldwin, A.A., 2007. A review and analysis of the existing research stream in continuous auditing.Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting,4(1), pp.1-28. Retrieved on 30th December 2016. Chan, D.Y. and Vasarhelyi, M.A., 2011. Innovation and practice of continuous auditing.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,12(2), pp.152-160. Retrieved on 30th December 2016. Chou, C.L.Y., Du, T. and Lai, V.S., 2007. Continuous auditing of a multi-agent system.Decision Support Systems,42(4), pp.2274-2292. Retrieved on 30th December 2016. Coderre, D., Verver, J.G., and Warren, J.D., 2006.Continuous auditing: implications for assurance, monitoring, and risk assessment. Institute of Internal Auditors. Retrieved on 30th December 2016. Du, H. and Roohani, S., 2007. Meeting challenges and expectations of continuous auditing in the context of independent audits of financial statements.International Journal of Auditing,11(2), pp.133-146. Retrieved on 30th December 2016. Flowerday, S., Blundell, A.W. and Von Solms, R., 2006. Continuous auditing technologies and models: A discussion.Computers Security,25(5), pp.325-331. Retrieved on 30th December 2016. Hunton, J.E. and Rose, J.M., 2010. 21st-century auditing: Advancing decision support systems to achieve continuous auditing.Accounting Horizons,24(2), pp.297-312. Retrieved on 30th December 2016. Kuhn Jr, J.R. and Sutton, S.G., 2010. Continuous auditing in ERP system environments: The current state and future directions.Journal of Information Systems,24(1), pp.91-112. Retrieved on 30th December 2016. Li, S.H., Huang, S.M. and Lin, Y.C.G., 2007. Developing a continuous auditing assistance system based on information process models.Journal of Computer Information Systems,48(1), pp.2-13. Retrieved on 30th December 2016. Rezaee, Z., Elam, R. and Sharbatoghlie, A., 2001. Continuous auditing: the audit of the future.Managerial Auditing Journal,16(3), pp.150-158. Retrieved on 30th December 2016. Vasarhelyi, M.A., Alles, M., Kuenkaikaew, S. and Littley, J., 2012. The acceptance and adoption of continuous auditing by internal auditors: A microanalysis.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,13(3), pp.267-281. Retrieved on 30th December 2016.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Kimono Art in Traditional Japanese Clothing

Kimono is traditional Japanese clothing worn by men, women, and children. Generally, the Kimonos are straight-lined, T-shaped robes worn in such a way that the turn-up falls to the ankle (Dalby 93). It has attachments of long, wide sleeves and a collar.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Kimono Art in Traditional Japanese Clothing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Kimonos are put on by wrapping them around the body. The left is placed over the right part. During ceremonies like burial, the Kimonos are put on in reversed order. There is traditional footwear that completes the Kimono attire. This footwear is called Zori accompanied with special socks called the Tabi. The Kimonos were introduced in the Japanese culture during the Heian period (794-1192). Before this period, the Japanese people wore different attires like the ensembles, which had separate lower and upper garments. The lower garments consiste d of skirts and trousers (Fujisawa, Sano, Woodson, and Kawakami 199-216). The Japanese also wore full garments. The Kimono technique was developed and advanced during the Heian period. These types of clothing’s became famous amongst the Japanese people because the design was very flexible. These cloths ended up becoming their identity. The Kimono was designed to fit on any body shape. This clothing was easy to put on and could be used for any weather conditions. As time went by the Japanese people accepted and embraced the Kimonos as part of their cultural attire (Fujisawa et al. 169). The Kimonos designs were advanced with inputting different colours. The Japanese people developed colour sensitivity especially colour combination. During these times is when the colour combination developed as a Japanese tradition (Gluckman and Takeda 199). The Kamakure and the Muromachi period (1192- 1573) were the times where both genders started putting on Kimonos that were brightly colored (Fujisawa et al. 320). The traditional warriors at these times wore Kimonos with colours identical to their leaders. During war, the battlefield appeared like Kimonos fashion show. At the times when the Tokugawa clan ruled over Japan, the Edo period (1603-1868), the country had domain divisions headed by the lords. The Samurais from different domains were identified using different colours of their uniforms (Fujisawa et al. 143). The Kimono makers improved in their designs due to increased usage of the Kimonos, and increased varieties demands. Eventually, the Kimono making advanced and became an art. These made the Kimonos to be very valuable and were handed down the family lane.Advertising Looking for research paper on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Western influence became significant in Japan after the year 1868, commonly known as the Meiji period. The government of the time agitated for westernization, where the Japanese people were to adopt western culture including the western attire. Government officials including the military were to put on special western attire. This was a requirement by the law, which is no longer in effect today (Fujisawa et al. 218). There are four major seasons in Japan, which have specific clothing’s. The Japanese people also put on different cloths during different stages of development, from childhood to adulthood. Therefore, the Kimonos are normally chosen to suit both the occasion and the season (Dalby 189). It was a Japanese ritual for a child’s birth to be reported in the shrine a hundred days from when the child was born. This required specific Kimono attire. During this time, the child was dressed in white colored Kimono as the inner clothing. On top of the Kimono, a black-colored Kimono incorporated with the family’s crest was added for a boy child. For a girl child, they used a brightly colored Kimono that was Yuzen- dyed. The children also put on a special Kimono at the age of 7 years during a special event known as the Shichi-Go-San. This occasion was to thank the gods for keeping the children healthy up to then (Yamanaka 78). The Japanese celebrated transition from childhood to adulthood at the age of 20 years. During this occasion, the girls wore long Kimonos, the Furisode. These Kimonos are only worn by girls that are not yet married (Liddell 332). During weddings, the bride is normally dressed in a white Kimono, the Shiromuku, signifying the start of a journey. Married women put on Kimonos with short sleeved flays, the Tomesode. The Tomesode came with a variety of colours excluding white. During formal occasions, the black Tomesode was used. The Kimono designs are diverse ranging from simple single colored to complex multicolored designs. These designs are mostly imaginative accorded, based on the Japanese cultural beliefs (Yamanaka 67). The artists employed needlework in creating several opule nt effects. This was common on the wedding Kimono. Several motifs are currently present including the three dimensions. Some special Kimonos are woven with silver and gold threads. These metallic threads are attached to the fabric in a special traditional way. A technique where metallic threads are included on the garment is called Shusu amongst the Japanese people. This can well be illustrated by the figure below. Figure 1: gold metallic threadsAdvertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Kimono Art in Traditional Japanese Clothing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Source: http://www.marlamallett.com/k_design.htm The garments ere dyed in a special way known as the Yuzen Resist dying. This technique was invented in the 17th century (Yamanaka 192). This resist dying was made from a mixture of soybeans and rice paste. This paste was used to paint special features on the clothing by protecting the areas from being in filtrated with the dye. Such motifs are made using hand painting. The other most common design is the Katazome fabrics. Stencils are included during their production. The special rice paste or wax is also used in designing of these garments. The Surihaku is another special design among the Kimono (Yamanaka 49). It contains special features such as colored dyes, metallic foil, and the use of the rice paste in designing of special features. The figure below can be used as an illustration of this design (Liddell 101). Figure 2: the Surihaku Source: http://www.marlamallett.com/k_design.htm Advertising Looking for research paper on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other designed have been incorporated into the Kimono art. Some of them include the Shibori, Kasuri, Sumi, and figured weaves. The Japanese culture is one of the Asian cultures that survived into the modern world. The Kimono is one of the important traditional Japanese cloths that are endowed with rich cultural heritage (Dalby 455). It is religious attire as well as being used during special national events in Japan. Currently although there is reduced usage of this attire due to modernization, a good number of Japanese people still use these designs. Modern designers in Japan have included the knowledge of these designs in production of their cloth lines. Modernization of this art has taken place allowing the inclusion of inner trousers for women in the Kimono. In the modern world, the Kimono designs are used for making wedding dresses and the Yukuta, which is a special cotton Kimono designed clothing (Liddell 223). It is an important Japanese national attire. Most people in Japan consider the Kimono as historical attire. This has made its use to diminish significantly in the modern Japan society. Western influence has also helped in diminishing the strong influence the Kimono art had to the Japanese people. However, a very rich and very complex art that is not fully exploited in the modern Japan (Yamanaka 356). The study of the Kimono reveals a very reach cultural heritage amongst the Japanese people. It is a reflection of artistic observational nature (Liddell 215). Artists used the garment to pass a message about contradictory cultural practices. Works Cited Dalby, L. C. Kimono: Fashioning Culture. New Haven, CT: Yale, UP, 1993. Print. Fujisawa, N., Sano E., Woodson Y., and Kawakami S. Four Centuries of Fashion:Â   Classical Kimono from the Kyoto National Museum. San Francisco, CA: Arcadia, 1997. Print. Gluckman, D. C., and Takeda S. S. When Art Became Fashion: Kosode in Edo-Period Japan. New York, NY: Weatherhill, 1992. Print. Liddell, J. The Story of th e Kimono. New York, NY: E.P. Dutton, 1989. Print. Yamanaka, N. The Book of Kimono: The Complete Guide to Style and Wear. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1982. Print. This research paper on Kimono Art in Traditional Japanese Clothing was written and submitted by user Regan K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Columbus - Friend Or Foe Essays - Christopher Columbus, Free Essays

Columbus - Friend Or Foe Essays - Christopher Columbus, Free Essays Columbus - Friend Or Foe Explore, discover and develop or seek, destroy and conquer. Almost everyone recognizes the name Christopher Columbus and understands what his role was in changing the views, lifestyles, politics, and geography of the fifteenth century modern world. Christopher Columbus discovered a world known to no European, African or Asian. He discovered the New World, the Americas. However, is todays society aware of the consequences, which came with this newfound world or are they blinded by biased history books and school texts. My view of Christopher Columbus and his glorious discovery was a traditional one. Columbus, the great explorer, heroically discovered the Americas making friends with the natives creating a new way of life for the entire world. I am sorry to say that I was misguided in my education about Christopher Columbus. Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa in 1451 the son of a weaver and by the time he reach his late teenage years he went to sea and voyaged for many years trading for various employers in Genoa, Italy. His work eventually took him to England in 1477 and West Africa in 1482. About this time he began to seek financial support for a major Atlantic expedition. Most writers and philosophers, along with Columbus, had accepted that the Earth was round, and so Columbus understood that China and Japan could be reached by sailing west. His idea was logical, but not factual. Columbus didnt count on there being giant landmasses between the two, which was never explored by anyone outside of the Eastern Hemisphere. For some years Columbus failed to obtain support for a transatlantic expedition but in March 1492 the catholic monarchs of Spain, Isabella and Ferdinand, approved his voyage and awarded him the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea and the governorship of any new land he might discover. He set sail in August 1492 with his fleet of three ships and one hundred men and made landfall in the Bahamas, October 1492. Prior to my revised education about Christopher Columbus, the preceding two paragraphs about his pre-discovery are just about the same in both histories, however from the moment he steps foot on land is where they conflict. My original views of how he handled his discovery probably matched a majority of the populations. In 1492 Christopher Columbus made a famous mistake as he discovered America. Unaware of the existence of America, he believed that his ships landed at the Spice Islands near India and named the islands the Indies and their people the Indians. Christopher Columbus, in my eyes was a brave, brilliant, great explorer. I viewed him as a man second to none, especially because I share the same ethnic background with him. When I first entered this class I wondered why we were going to learn about a hero like Columbus when everyone knows of him and his journey. However, after reading Zinns shocking depiction of history and Columbus conquest of the New World, it shed a new light on an old tale. Upon his discovery and his interaction with the natives, which he called Indians, Columbus recognized opportunity for him and the Kingdom that he represented. They (the Indians) should be made to work, farm and live like us. Columbus wrote in his letter to Isabella and Ferdinand. Columbus used their good, trusting nature to take their land and enslave them to find gold and work on plantations killing any Indian who opposed him. He and most Europeans felt that their own culture was far better and usually described Indians as savages. Columbus men acted as if they were rulers of a kingdom or gods of a new world and had no mercy, sometimes brutally killing Indian men and children for fun and raping the women. They b rought disease, famine and death to millions of people who were peaceful, giving and loving. My view of Christopher Columbus is no longer the one I grew up with, but it is one of embarrassment, disgust and abhorrence. I have always thought that Columbus explored the world, discovering America to develop the advancement of the human race, peacefully. Now I know that he searched for a new way to make money destroying the Native Americans

Friday, November 22, 2019

Castillo Surname and Family History

Castillo Surname and Family History The Castillo surname often denoted someone who lived at or near a large fortified building or a worker in a castle, derived from castillo (Latin castellum), meaning castle. It may also be a habitational name from one of the many places with castillo in their name. Castillo is the 25th most common Hispanic surname. Surname Origin:  Spanish Alternate Surname Spellings:  CASTILLA, CASTILLOS, CASTEL, CASTELLO, CASTEEL, CASTILLO, CASTELA, CASTILLE, CASTIGLIONI, CASTIGLIONE, CASTILLION Famous People with the Surname CASTILLO Frank Castillo - American professional baseball playerOtto Renà © Castillo - Guatemalan poet and revolutionaryRandy Castillo - American rock drummer (best known as Ozzy Osbournes drummer) Where is the CASTILLO Surname Most Common? Castillo is the 232nd most common surname in the world, according to surname distribution data from Forebears. It is a prevalent name in many Spanish-speaking countries, including Mexico (the 25th most common last name), Venezuela (14th), Peru (18th), Guatemala (11th), Dominican Republic (14th), Chile (19th), Ecuador (25th), and Spain (44th). WorldNames PublicProfiler  doesnt include data from as many countries but does include both Argentina and Spain, where the Castillo surname is very popular. In Spain, Castillo is found in the greatest numbers in the Cantabria region, followed by Andalucia, Castilla-La Mancha, and La Rioja. Castillo is also very prevalent in the Gran Chaco, Patagonia, and Argentine Northwest regions of Argentina. Genealogy Resources for the Surname CASTILLO Castillo  Family Crest - Its Not What You Think: Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Castillo  family crest or coat of arms for the Castillo surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.The Castillo DNA Project: Individuals with the Castillo surname are invited to join this DNA project in order to  work together to find their common Castillo ancestry through DNA testing and sharing of information.CASTILLO Family Genealogy Forum: This free message board is focused on the descendants of Castillo ancestors around the world. Search the forum for posts about your Castillo ancestors, or join the forum and post your own queries.  FamilySearch - CASTILLO Genealogy: Explore over 3 million  results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Castillo surname on thi s free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. CASTILLO Surname Mailing List: A free mailing list for researchers of the Castillo surname and its variations includes subscription details and searchable archives of past messages.GeneaNet - Castillo Records: GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Castillo surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries.The Castillo Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Castillo surname from the website of Genealogy Today.Ancestry.com: Castillo Surname: Explore over 3.5  million digitized records and database entries, including census records, passenger lists, military records, land deeds, probates, wills and other records for the Castillo surname on the subscription-based website, Ancestry.com. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to  Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Rhetorical Analysis of President Obamas Inaugural Speech Essay

Rhetorical Analysis of President Obamas Inaugural Speech - Essay Example The speech feels like the fresh morning dew that soothes our doubting soul as we traverse the scorching heat and difficulty of a financial crisis. The speech intended to lift us from our debilitating skepticism about ourselves and our world to believe once more in the enduring spirit that made America â€Å"the prosperous, most powerful nation on earth†. It is a speech where all the three rhetorical concepts of pathos, ethos, and logos were astutely utilized not only to deliver a message but also to touch and affect its audience. To underscore further President Obama’s message of hope, he used pathos or emotion as a primary medium for him to get his message across and for the audience to relate to him. It is very noticeable in that inaugural address, that the word â€Å"I† was sparingly used and was only mentioned twice. First, it was only mentioned in the opening statement which was in the context of humility that he is grateful of the trust that was bestowed up on him and â€Å"mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors†.   The second time that President Obama mentioned it was in a collective context involving the audience by saying â€Å"today I say to you that the challenges we face are real†. ...He was inviting sympathy without even asking by subliminally hinting that he, a black man, suffered too just like many of the audiences yet the opportunity of America enabled him to rise above his circumstances and now bestowed a position of great honor. Subconsciously, he was playing an underdog while calling for America to rise above the challenge, to unite and to once more take the challenge of leadership. In a way, he was subconsciously saying that if he was able to be where he is right now when before blacks cannot be even served at a local restaurant, then the rest of America can also overcome the challenges that they are facing as he did. President Obama’s used of emotional appeal or pathos is reinforced by hi s own credibility or ethos. As a political leader, he is known as a man of integrity and has never involved in any compromising political situation.  

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Education quiz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Education quiz - Essay Example Literal interpretation of written works also restricts them to understand emotions and to draw conclusions from written texts. The diversity of the requirements for understanding something demands effort from them which if not met could have the learner socially incapacitated. b. What instructional accommodations are generally recommended for students who experience this exceptionality? (For the sake of brevity, limit yourself to no more than three important accommodations. You do NOT have to elaborate, other than perhaps a sentence for each one.) To help such students, teachers are encouraged to give explicit instructions made simple so that the learners can be able to follow. Daily reviews would be a great help to assist them in retaining information that are important especially in the learning process. Since the understanding of a learning disabled student is limited, modeling is very helpful as it would be easy for them to understand what they see put in action than things expre ssed in words. 2. With respect to students who experience ADHD: a. In what way does this exceptionality affect the individual’s literacy development? For students with ADHD, their learning development could limit them to the very few things that they able to concentrate on. As ADHD learners usually have difficulty in focusing to a certain task, the possibility that an assignment could be completed could be far from possible. They usually exert more effort in keeping still to finish a certain task especially when it comes to writing so their communication skills can be affected. Reading could be a lesser trouble for them but being unable to concentrate in the task also affects their understanding as well as the acquisition of important information received in reading. b. What instructional accommodations are generally recommended for students who experience this

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Comparative Economics Studies of China and India Essay Example for Free

Comparative Economics Studies of China and India Essay In 1950, China and India was the two developing countries with largest resources in term of land and labor. At that time, they both had the comparable economic structures and degree of development. However, with the difference mainly in political systems, in which China is Socialist Communist government, while India adopt parliamentary democracy, and specific countries’ development policy, it leads to the difference in the rate of growth in industrialization in particular countries. The dissimilarities in political system account for the rate of decision making process. It is the particular reason China had its development policy change in 1978, which undertake export-oriented policy creating special economic zones (SEZs), result in being one of the fastest growing countries in the past 30 years, while In the case of India, before 1991, the economic growth is considerably low, referring as â€Å"Hindu rate of growth†, reflects slow growth in industrialization. After 1991, India had its economic reform policies, Industrialization begin to grow once more, especially with the support of SEZ Act in 2005. It is still questioned whether India could follow China in growth of industrialization due to poor quality of infrastructure and protesting in land acquisition. Introduction The development policy of China and India had it starting point since India’s independency in 1947 and China’s liberation in 1950. These two countries had merely identical initial position in term of economic structures. GDP per capita of China and India, using prices at 1960, were estimated to be 65 US dollar and 62 US dollar respectively. Also, total labor working in industry was 11 percent in India, while it was only 7 percent in China. Moreover, 9 percent of total output was generated in Large-scale manufacturing and utilities, similar to 6% in India. Likewise, Both China and India economies characterized by mass rural poverty under feudal mode of protection in the country side. However, the gap of industrialization between two countries began to widen during 1970s. As in 1980, there was a substantial disparity in percentage share of GDP, only 21. 9 percent in India, compare to 48. 5% in China (Saith, 2008. ) Why was the gap broadened due to similar economic structures? This paper focuses on the reason behind the different rate of industrialization that leads to discrepancy in economic growth. The first section analyzes about the distinction of Chinese and India’s political system, autocratic socialist versus parliamentary democracy, and how it affect the decision making process of two countries. Next section examines various policies of each country, including Import substitution policy of India during 1950-1990, China reform in 1979 with special economic zones (SEZs) and SEZ Act of India in 2005 and the success or failure of those policies. The third Section discusses the policy of land acquisition of China and India that contribute to industrial district. Section four reviews quality of infrastructure of two countries that affect the industrialization accordingly. The Final section concludes the paper. Political Systems There is a distinct political system between China and India. China or PRC is considered as a single-socialist party, in which general secretary of communist party is the president of PRC. This gives total power to communist party to rule over country, although there are minorities of eight other political parties. Furthermore, having economic reform in1978, it gave provincial leader powers to allocate resources in their province. Local economic performances among states evolved into the essential criterion to evaluate lower-level officials. These economic performances included GDP growth, to steel produced, the miles of road constructed (Li amp; Zhou, 2004. ) It created competition among state official to compete for promotion in to higher level, which increase efficiency in each states. Li and Zhou (2004) used data from 28 provincial units from 1979-1995, estimated with regressions, showing that annual growth rate of GDP has positive relationship with promotion (15 %. ) Moreover, with average growth rate over 5 years, result in positive relationship more than double of the result of annual growth rate (33%. In contrast, India constitutes a parliamentary multi-party democracy which more than 40 political parties. It can be said that Indian politics is dominated by duopoly of National Congress party and BJP party. However, those small regional parties still possess some political power as no parties have votes enough for being one-party government. After 1992, Indian politics have become politics of caste factions. Candi dates for legislative assembly seats have been selected from local faction leaders who have local ote banks in specific caste and community. There is no party which can be one-party dominance except being head of multi-party coalition (Stern, 2000. ) Also, with numerous political parties, those parties choose to play vote bank politics. Sometimes they prefer not to afflict with their vote banks, although it is better in terms of society (Inhovi, 2009. ) Moreover, the composition of state power of China and India which it was created during achieving independence or liberation is what make it difference between two political system. In India, the independence movement was supervised mainly by the people in the middle and upper castes. By this I mean, in the post-independence period, people in middle and upper castes can retain their power, while protecting their benefits. As a result, the Indian institutional framework is taking as a constraint toward industrialization and economic growth (Saith, 2008) On the other hand; revolutionary communist party led by Mao Zedong has taken control over china in 1950. Those powers were in the hand of the poor peasant and workers. Prior Status-quo and political structures were overthrown during the revolutionary under socialism. Therefore, the Chinese could adjust their institutional framework so that it is suitable for development of the countries. With the dissimilarity in political system, it leads to the differentiation in the decision making process. For China, which political system is one-party domination, the decision for policies can be made in the communist party as less transaction cost of negotiation among political parties and no obstacle from institutional framework and status-quo. But for India, having duopoly in politics with coalition of multi-party government, culture of patron-client relationship and vote banks system, such decision on policies takes longer time as high negotiation cost between political parties, and it might has conflict with their vote banks (Inhovi, 2009 . ) In addition, China had dual-track implementing system in decision making process, in which State Planning Committee (SPC) make important decision on policies. It also monitors and implements the policy, supporting by powerful party structure, result in successful solutions in terms of growth and infrastructure development. While, India had separated institutions of decision making process and implementation on policies. Strategic Plans were constructed by working groups, including representative of line ministries, technical experts and others. However, in reality, the implementation was deviated from the plan. In addition, past Indian development plans only pointed out directions but not specific goals, making implementation process harder. The distinct model of decision making process would affect both developments policies and infrastructure of both countries that lead to difference growth of industrialization and economic performance (Kimamp; Nangia, 2008. Development Policies In 1950s, India led by Nehru Gandhi launch first development plan, in which its objective was to promote industrialization which large investment were made basic industries. It was known as Import Substitution Policy (ISI). Self-reliance on industrial goods was their prime target. As a consequence, government placed heavy pro tection against domestic industries with licenses, permits and quotas. Only manufactured goods that improve productivity of industrial goods were allowed to import. The development of industrial sector was portrayed by central planning which controlled private sector through license and permits and massive investment in public sector, including specific industries exclusively reserved (McMillanamp; Naughton, 1992. ) Consequently, India industrialized that its industries mostly produce everything from tinned fruit to nuclear energy (Stern, 2000). However, the rate of industrialization is slow as in behalf of non-comparative advantage and high costs of producing goods. Still, average annual GDP growth in industrial sector in real term from 1951-1960 was 5. 7% (Reserved bank of India, 2011. ) At the same time, China had its development policy slightly differentiate from India. China also had development policy centrally planned. However, it relied on the collectivization of agricultural sector, using surplus on development of producing raw materials, investment goods industries and larger-scale, capital intensive industry. All trade of China was co ntrolled by foreign trade corporations, which indeed owned by ministry of Foreign trade. It regulated all imports and exports to specific quantitative guidelines. Similar to India, China’s export and import is irrelevant to country’s comparative advantage (Branstetteramp; Lardy, 2006. ) Then, in 1970s, there’s a turning point in Chinese economy. China, led by Deng Xiaoping, had a several economic reforms especially creating â€Å"special economic zones. † These zones were enacted for which foreign firms receive preferential tax and administrative treatment and given an unusually free hand in their operations (Branstetteramp; Lardy, 2006. ) By that time, there were 4 zones: Shenzen, Zhuhai, Xiamen and Shantou. The prime objective of SEZs was to serve as a bridge to introducing foreign capital, technology and knowledge and management know-how (Roychoudhury, 2010. ) These special economic zones had several advantages. First, each of the zones is extremely large in terms of geographical area; for instance, 2000 square kilometers in Shenzen. It creates cost advantage of economies of scale for industrial sector both internal and external, and low transportation cost among suppliers. Second, they locate in the coastal area, having ports and transport networks. Also, these zones were established near major cities or countries; for example, Shenzen neighbor Hongkong, and Xiamen borders Taiwan. It could attract foreign investment from nearby cities, boast industrialization in SEZs. Moreover, foreign industries received preferential tax in corporate tax rate; the actual tax burden is 11%, while domestic industry paid 23% in actual tax burden, although nowadays, the preferential tax had been lifted except few high-technology sector and small enterprises (Guoamp; Feng, 2007. SEZs helped foster rapid industrialization in China within its area; incentivize foreign investors using comparative advantage of cheap labor costs. Along with the assistance of import policy in 1987, which granted imports of raw materials, parts and components for exporting production purpose tax-free, China industrial sector emerged as low-wage assembly services (Branstetteramp; Lardy, 2006. ) As a result, SEZs growth has been enormous, as an example of Shenzen, which aver age annual GDP growth rate from 1980-2005 was 27%, later referred as â€Å"Shenzen Speed† (Guoamp; Feng, 2007. Later on, China has gained benefit from importing technical knowledge contained in capital goods, parts and components; as a result, some of the industry has shifted from assembling and processing services to self-manufacturing (Branstetteramp; Lardy, 2006. ) By the end of 2005, there are five Shenzen brands with sale more than 10 billion Yuan. The actual use of foreign capital inShenzen has increased to $3. 3 billion in 2006, compare to $153. 7 million in 1979 (Guoamp; Feng, 2007. ) 7% of gross world FDI flows in 2009 went in to China, increase significantly from 1% in 1980. In 2008, China had its share of world GDP in PPP basis of nearly 12% compare to 2% in 1980. China’s real GDP has increased average over 10% annually (Roychoudhury, 2010. ) SEZs policy has proved its own successful, accelerating industrialization and economic growth in China in the past 30 years. In contrast, coping with Hindu rate of growth for over 40 years, 3 percent per annum from 1947 to 1975 and 5 percent per annum from 1976-1991, India had its economic reform later in 1991, starting trade liberalization to oster industrialization and economic growth, including abolishing of industrial licensing, decreasing tariff protection, removing industries reserved for public sector and small-scale sector and liberalizing foreign direct investment. Before trade liberalization, the import substitution policy proved to be inefficiency due to licensing policy, high cost of producing, inflexibility of labor market and non-incentive for efficiency improvement (Ahluwalia, 2002. ) Companie s paid no attention on management training, quality control and advertising because there is only few or no competitor due to licensing policy and tariff protection. As in 1970s, Indian market for industrial goods soon exhausted as domestic market is small and low competitiveness against other companies in the world market. GDP growth in industrial sector of India from 1971-1980 is only 4. 3% especially growth from 1970-1976 is only 3. 4%, compare to 5. 9% and 6. 2% for growth from 1951-1960 and 1961-1970 respectively (reserved Bank of India, 2011. ) As a consequent, industrial licensing has been nullified, replaced by new competition law to increase competitive environment in domestic and international market. Moreover, 15 industries in public sector that was reserved exclusively, such as iron and steel, air transport services, have been opened for private companies to invest. Also, some of productions reserved for small-scale sector have been removed as those productions have export potential. Moreover, import licensing against capital goods and intermediate goods were removed in 1993, and quantitative restrictions on imports of manufactured consumer goods were abolished in 2001. It increased competitiveness for domestic industry, forcing to compete with other companies in global markets. In addition, Average tariff rate has reduced from 72. 5% in 1991-1992 to 15 percent in 2004, which will increase competition in domestic markets. However, the average tariff was considered high, comparing to China (Ahluwalia, 2002. ) The growth in economy and industrialization in India in late 2000s also partly came from â€Å"Special Economic Zones† or SEZ. In 2005, Government of India has passed SEZ A, which it goals was to incentivize local and foreign investors and promote export. There are numerous benefits investing under special economic zones.. Firstly, the government provided duty free import of goods for development, operation and maintenance of SEZ units. Secondly, income tax on export in the first 5 years is exempted, and 50% exempted in year 6TH -10TH and 50% of the export ploughed back export profit for year 11TH-15TH. Third, SEZs units also exempted from central sales tax, service tax and minimum alternate tax. Moreover, SEZs units could borrow from external commercial borrowing up to 500 million dollars in a year without maturity restriction. In addition, SEZs unit gain benefit from single window clearance for central and state approvals, which reduce transaction cost of dealing with governments (SEZ India website, 2011. ) The SEZs policy in India is quite similar to SEZs policy in China; however, there are some distinctions between two countries. First, SEZs units in China mostly produce industrial products or consider in industrial sector, while in India, it can be both industrial sector and service sector. IT/ITES/Electronic hardware Technology parks accounted for 61. 3% of formal approvals of SEZs.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Green Mountain National Forest :: Essays Papers

Green Mountain National Forest The Green Mountain National Forest, established in 1932, is Vermont’s only National Forest. It is managed in the spirit of multiple uses, including recreational activities, logging and watershed protection and management. An ecosystems management approach has recently been adopted by the U.S. Forest Service in maintaining the forest. In 1964 the Congress of the United States passed the Wilderness Act in an attempt to set aside, in the words of the act, "an area where earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man"; the lands designated as wilderness areas were to be "affected primarily by nature." Six areas, totaling 59,598 acres of the Green Mountain Forest were upgraded to Wilderness status following the 1964 Congressional Wilderness Act. These areas represent some of the best of Vermont’s outdoor world. The largest of these wilderness areas is Breadloaf Wilderness, totaling 21,480 acres in the Middlebury district of the forest. The Long Trail crosses this wilderness for 17 miles, traversing 11 peaks measuring over 3000’. The Lye Brook Wilderness encompasses 15,680 acres in the Manchester district, and boasts the stunning Lye Brook Falls as its centerpiece. The next largest is the Peru Peak Wilderness, comprised of 6,920 acres, centered around the trail-less Peru Peak in the Manchester district. The Appalachian and Long Trails cross the southern tip of this wilderness for about 3 miles. The Big Branch Wilderness is similarly sized at 6,720 acres, and is crossed by the Appalachian Trail. Big Branch is home to pristine banks of the Big Branch River and healthy stands of giant hardwoods. The eastern part of the wilderness is a large wetland ecosystem called Elbow Swamp. The George D. Aiken Wilderness is a favorite among fishermen. Located in the Manchester district, the park boasts 5,060 protected acres. Be sure to bring rubber boots as the wilderness is almost entirely wetlands.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Normative Leadership Style

In this article have analyzed Normative Leadership theory, a theory that is theoretically elegant and characteristically practical. Even in today’s increasingly changing global business scenarios, this robust theory enables Leader to select one of the five leadership styles namely decide, consult individually, consult group, facilitate and delegate by using the model’s time-driven and development-driven decision tree. Trait and Behavioural Theory Timeline: In the 1930s leadership theories were based on leaders’ traits. Two dimensional behavioral theory (autocratic versus democratic) was published at University of Iowa in 1939.In 1940s University of Michigan published Job centered versus employee centered theories and in mid 1950s University of Ohio published considerations versus structure theories. In 1960s Fredrick came out with two factor theory maintenance or extrinsic factor versus motivators or intrinsic factors. In 1967 McGregor suggested leadership behavi ors based on different assumptions on employee motivations in describing his â€Å"Theory X† and â€Å"Theory Y†. Birth of Contingency Leadership Theory: In 1970s, it became evident that no single leadership style is best for all situations; leaders need to change their leadership style to suit situation.Researchers then started working on situational and contingency factors which led to the development of contingency theories such as Fiedler theory (1967), Leadership continuum theory (Tannenbaum & Schmidt, 1973), Path goal theory (House & Mitchell, 1974) and Normative theory (Vroom & Yetton, 1973; Vroom & Jago, 1988, 1995). While Fiedler theory recommends changing the situation rather than changing leadership style, rest of the contingency theories recommend using right style at right situation to deliver effective leadership.Normative Leadership Theory: In 1973 Vroom and Yetton developed a contingency model based on the leader’s choice of autocratic versus par ticipative responses to decision making situations. Extensive validation research of the model resulted in the development of Vroom-Jago model in 1988 (again updated in 1995). The research aimed to develop taxonomy for describing leadership situations, which could be used in a normative model linking situations to the leadership styles.A set of seven situational variables were used (Vroom & Yetton, 1973) to predict which among the five leadership styles would be the most effective to deal with the situation. Vroom conducted extensive empirical studies to investigate how leader’s behavior is affected by situation faced by leader keep. The studies were conducted with a focus on the leadership role and on how differences in the challenges that leader face would affect leader’s behavior. The five leadership styles are (1) Decide: The leader makes the decision and announces it or sells it to the followers.Leader may gather information from others within the group and outsid e the group without specifying the problem, (2) Consult Individually: The leader explains follower individually about the problem, gathers information and suggestions and then makes the decision, (3) Consult Group: The leader holds a group meeting, explains followers the problems, gathers information and suggestions and then makes the decision, (4) Facilitate: The leader holds a group meeting and acts as a facilitator to define the problem and the limits within which a decision must be made.The leader seeks participation and concurrence on the decision without pushing his or her ideas and (5) Delegate: The leader lets the group diagnose the problem and make the decision within stated limits. The role of the leader is to answer questions, provide encouragement and resources. Originally seven situational variables were identified to answer the questions with high (H) or low (L) score. These are (1) Decision significance: How important is the decision to the success of the project or o rganization high or low? 2) Importance of Commitment: How important is the follower commitment to implement the decision high or low? (3) Leader Expertise: How much knowledge and expertise does the leader have with this specific decision high or low? (4) Likelihood of commitment: If the leader were to make the decision alone, is the certainty that the followers would be committed to the decision high or low? (5) Group support for objectives: Do followers have high or low support for the team or organizational goals to be attained in solving the problems? 6) Group Expertise: How much knowledge and expertise do the individual followers have with this specific decision high or low? and (7) Team Competence: Is the ability of the individuals to work together as a team to solve the problem high or low? Not all seven variables/ questions above are relevant to all decisions. A minimum of two and maximum of seven questions are needed to select the most appropriate leadership style in a given situation.During year 2000, Vroom revised the model with eleven variables. Each of these eleven is a moderator variables linking leadership style with components of decision effectiveness. Most of these eleven variables have also been used in empirical studies to investigate how leader behavior is affected by the situation faced by the leader. Both Time-Driven Model and Development-Driven Model using seven variables are presented in Appendix 1 along-with instruction how to use the model.Vroom’s theory has also been criticized by many raising questions such as (1) whether small set of seven or eleven factors really determines how one should use the answers (2) will answers depend on the quality of the person who is answering (3) will answer vary from person to person and time to time and (4) will use of tacit knowledge in evaluating a situation; weaken the outcome of the model? These criticisms have resulted in further research and deliberation on the model.All parties (both followers and critics) agreed on the importance of matching of personal qualities and situational requirement towards delivering effective leadership in an Organization. They also agreed that leadership effectiveness will depend on the use of realistic scenarios describing actual situations confronting a leader in an organization. Conclusion: The powerful model which Vroom and his colleagues at Yale University developed after interacting with more than 100,000 managers making decisions has proved to be a robust and useful model even in today’s dynamic business context.The model has identified the following three distinct roles that situational variables play in the leadership process. 1. Leadership effectiveness leading to Organizational effectiveness is affected by situational factors not under leader’s control 2. Situations shape how leaders behave and 3. Situations influence the consequences of leader behavior. Appendix 1 Instruction how to use the model: 1. Select one of the two models based on whether the situation is driven by importance of time or development of followers, i. e. short term or long term. 2. Define problem statement. 3.Answer the question from left to right skipping question not appropriate to the situation and avoiding crossing any horizontal line. The last column will prescribe the appropriate leadership participation decision-making style for the situation. Normative Leadership Time-Driven Model | Decision Significance? | Importance of Commitment? | Leader Expertise? | Likelihood of Commitment? | Group Support? | Group Expertise? | Team Competence? | | PROBLEMSTATEMENT| H| H| H| H| -| -| -| Decide| LEADERSHIPSTYLE| | | | | L| H| H| H| Delegate| | | | | | | | | L| Consult (Group)| | | | | | | | L| -| | | | | | | L| -| -| | | | | | L| H| H| H| H| Facilitate| | | | | | | | | L| Consult (Individually)| | | | | | | | L| -| | | | | | | | L| -| -| | | | | | | L| H| H| H| Facilitate| | | | | | | | | L| Consult (Group)| | | | | | | | L| -| | | | | | | | L| -| -| | | | | L| H| -| -| -| -| Decide| | | | | L| -| H| H| H| Facilitate| | | | | | | | | L| Consult (Individually)| | | | | | | | L| -| | | | | | | | L| -| -| | | | L| H| -| H| | -| -| Decide| | | | | | L| -| -| H| Delegate| | | | | | | | | L| Facilitate| | | | L| -| -| -| -| -| Decide| | Normative Leadership Development-Driven Model | Decision Significance? Importance of Commitment? | Leader Expertise? | Likelihood of Commitment? | Group Support? | Group Expertise? | Team Competence? | | PROBLEMSTATEMENT| H| H| -| H| H| H| H| Delegate| LEADERSHIPSTYLE| | | | | | | | L| Facilitate| | | | | | | | L| -| Consult (Group)| | | | | | | L| -| -| | | | | | | L| H| H| H| Delegate| | | | | | | | | L| Facilitate| | | | | | | | L| -| | | | | | | | L| -| -| Consult (Group)| | | | L| -| -| H| H| H| Delegate| | | | | | | | | L| Facilitate| | | | | | | | L| -| Consult (Group)| | | | | | | L| -| -| | | | L| H| -| H| -| -| -| Decide| | | | | | L| -| -| -| Delegate| | | L| -| -| -| -| -| Decide| | References: Achua, Christopher F and Lussier, Robert N. : Effective Leadership, 4th Edition, South- Western Cengage Learning Chan, Patrick Dr. , Class Lecture Notes Palanski, Michael E. and Yammarino, Francis J. : Integrity and Leadership: A multi-level conceptual framework: The Leadership Quarterly 20 (2009) 405-420 Vroom, Victor H, Yale University and Jago, Arthur G, University of Missouri. Situation Effects and Levels of Analysis in the Study of Leader Participation: Leadership Quarterly Vol. 6 No. 2 1995 Vroom, Victor H. Research: A New Look at Managerial Decision Making

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Education And Teamwork

Is a college degree really necessary, and if so, is it worth the immense amount of debt that so many of us are in? Education importance is a subject that is up for debate, but it can be hard to deny the importance of knowledge in everyday life. One reason why education is important is that, education is about far more than the marks you receive. It's about understanding right from wrong and having the knowledge you need to stay know in today's society.It helps to develop your perspective on the world around you and pushes you to think both creatively and conceptually about many different subjects. Without education, sensory information would simply be lost. Education allows us to process the information we receive on a daily basis and make conclusions and inferences based on what we already know. Another reason why education is important is that, education helps people grow as individuals.It opens your mind to many things that you haven't been exposed to before, and classrooms allow for healthy discussion on difficult subjects. Education helps build social skills, problem solving skills, decision making skills and creative thinking skills. It introduces you to different cultures, religions and thought processes that o may never be exposed to otherwise. Education also provides a stepping stone to the real world, offering many different courses on proper financial techniques, life planning and personal development.TEAM stands for T – Together E – Everyone A – Achieves M – More† Teamwork is very important in everyday life, it teaches us what it is like to work with others, respect, and motivation. In team work you have a greater number of people working together in close proximity on the same goal. The motivation factor is going to be high especially when the team members understand each other, have a sense of healthy competition, are willing to help the others along and are big-hearted enough to take pride in each other's success es.After all, what's the fun in celebrating bayou are going to do it alone? People working in teams tend to learn more by their interactions with each other. Brainstorming sessions can help you view the same problem from different perspectives and arrive at the best possible solution. If you were working alone, it is quite possible that you would have not thought bout the different possible ways through which you could solve the problem.When you have a number of people specialized in different areas working together, it is easy to divide the tasks according the strengths and interests of each person and at the same time, keep everyone happy. If you are able to work in an area which is in task with your likes and interests, you will be able to put in your hundred percent into the job. These two things is very important in our lives and makes us who we are. No matter you like it or not you will always have education and teamwork in your life.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Media essays

Media essays The case that I decided to focus on is an older abuse case, but it has recently been resolved in the courts. It is a child abuse case involving James and Bonnie Zeleski. They were both charged with abusing their infant daughter. The child was brought to the hospital with a fracture in each leg, a fracture in each arm, a thigh fracture, three broken ribs, a ripped esophagus, pneumonia, malnourished and several other cuts and bruises. The girl was transferred to an Omaha hospital. The father, James, was charged on June 3, 1998 with Class 4 Felony Child Abuse. His wife, Bonnie, was later charged and convicted of a Class 3 Felony. James was sentenced to three years probation and six months in jail. His wife was sentenced to 15 to 18 months in prison. I think that this case was fairly portrayed by the media. I know at the time, there were several letters to the editor and opinion printed on the subject, but the Grand Island Independent seemed to be fair and stick to the facts. It was a horrible crime and I think they did a good job being unbiased. I think that it is a good idea to publicize crimes like this. From my other studies, I have learned that the informal sanctions, public humiliation and shame, are far more effective than the formal sanctions in preventing crime. When people who are having a hard time dealing with being a parent see something like this in the media, they may stop to think about their actions. A good idea would be to run several articles on where parents can go to for help. The combination of the two, may help prevent this from happening to another child. As a mother I have a definite interest in this crime. I cannot even begin to understand how anyone could do something like that to someone so helpless. I am also interested in this case from the legal perspective and how the case was resolved in the court system. I personally think that the sente...

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Instant Sorbet in a Baggie - Freezing Point Depression

Instant Sorbet in a Baggie - Freezing Point Depression Have you made instant ice cream in a baggie? You can take any ice cream recipe and quick-freeze it using freezing point depression by adding salt to some  ice with some water. The same process may be used to quick-freeze sorbet: Instant Sorbet Ingredients The quantities of ingredients arent critical. You can use any fruit juice or fruit drink for the sorbet. The mixture to freeze the sorbet is ice with about half as much salt and a bit of water. 1 cup fruit juice2 cups ice1 cup salt1 cup water Make Instant Sorbet Pour the juice into a plastic baggie that has a zipper. Close the bag.Add the ice, salt, and water to a much larger bag.Place the bag of juice inside the baggie containing the ice, salt, and water.Shake, shake, shake the bag until the sorbet is the consistency you want. Remove the inner bag, scoop out your frozen treat and enjoy! How It Works Salt or sodium chloride dissociates into sodium and chloride ions. These ions act as impurities in the water lower its freezing point. Energy is absorbed from the environment (the sorbet) as the ice changes phase into water, which cant release the energy by solidifying back into ice. Therefore the sorbet keeps getting colder as the ice melts.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

MRKT- Real-World Write-ups Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MRKT- Real-World Write-ups - Article Example In a way the article highlighted that many companies are simply trying to find ways to join in the fun. What this strategy represents is a kind general marketing tie-in and many companies are using this event to both make the event relevant to Americans (It was previously believed that the event would be more of a regional issue rather than a global issue) as well as find creative ways to use the event as a catalyst for promoting products and services. It has been the case that many companies have drawn criticism for capitalizing on an extravagant wedding even whilst the world economy struggles yet for some broadcasters the wedding has provided a popular topic for ancillary royal themed programming. An additional example provided is the company allposters.com which began selling straightforward ARTWORK of the royal couple as well as parody ILLUSTRATIONS. A final example of how the royal wedding was used in a sort of REINFORCEMENT ADVERTISING is the case of New York Sports clubs which have started using an ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN that utilizes the slogan â€Å"Just in case you’re not marrying royalty. Join us now for royal savings.† In the end the wedding has become a useful tool in the marketing industry.

Thursday, October 31, 2019

HRD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

HRD - Essay Example She somehow managed to spend the meeting with her client as they asked numerous questions. As soon as she returned to her job, she contacted her director and mentioned that she is shocked to note that she was rather introduced to the company as a CQI practitioner for which she was not hired. Since there were fewer consultants at work, it came to understanding that Kindred had to take their client. It is for this reason that Kindred had to consult academic researchers at the library as well as her class mates who were specialist. Also, she had to take help from a friend who pretended to be an assistant (Cummings & Worley, 2009). Herein, it should be noted that Kindred had to face dilemma at her job. There were three types of dilemmas which were noted in the case of Kindred namely dilemma of self, competence and confidence. Firstly, the dilemma of self notes those kindred was confused about her identity which was falsified by her director in front of clients showing her as a CQI specialist for which she was not even hired. Secondly, the dilemma of competence level was that she became doubtful about as she was skilled in different area (Cummings & Worley, 2009). The question remains that whether her lack of CQI specialty was because she didn’t aspire to learn or because of her director who presented her wrongly. And finally, dilemma of confidence which marked that she was not sure for whom she was working. The question remained in her mind that whether her director is an honest person or not. She was making many assumptions in her mind that even in the future; her director would have done similar acts by sending to clients for which she would not have been competent at all (Cummings & Worley, 2009). If I was in her position, I would have done the same because ethics are to be followed. A career growth is not expected until or unless there are subjected clauses and ethics which are

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Eye laser surgery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Eye laser surgery - Essay Example Despite the surgery being carried on people’s eyes successfully and improving their natural eyesight, it does not result to lack of use of glasses (Justesen 80). People will still be required to wear glasses to ensure they do not expose their eyes to any other kind of danger. Eye laser surgery is an effective way of correcting and reshaping your eye despite several challenges. They are several reasons as to why this form of surgery might be deemed important. This might be because someone is unable to use contact glasses and do not at any cost need them for their personal reasons such as cosmetic issues (Papel 116). Another reason is that, wearing of glasses limits what one can do especially in reference to entrainment or any other leisure activity that requires rigorous physical participation. In such a situation, the affected individual seeks the help of a surgeon to help with the eye problem through the laser surgery (Justesen 80). Others try to avoid as much as possible the cost of maintaining the contact lens because they require an extra care because of their fragility nature. People should consider several medical grounds before the laser eye surgery process is carried out for precautionary purposes. Surgeons recommend an individual to be over 20 years before they decide to use this medical procedure for their eye corrections (Justesen 80). Before the process is carried out, there is need to determine the thinness of the corneas because this kind of surgery has extra risks which can seriously impact on an individual. In case of a special condition such as diabetes or a weak immune system, doctors should be in a position to advice accordingly. There are several rare side effects associated with laser eye surgery. Most of the notable side effects include glare and the impact of seeing halos around pictures. Others negative effects that result from this kind of eye surgery are challenges while driving at night or in a mist

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Comparison Italian And German Fascism

Comparison Italian And German Fascism In the 20th century there were a lot of rises and falls of many types of government. In some cases, two world wars influenced these events and multiple changes arose in power. The First World War gave way to such styles of rule as Fascism and Nazism. Very often these two ideologies are conflated as the same thing. However, while there are similarities between these concepts, a lot of differences also exist, that need to be mentioned. In order to understand these two movements, one should get to know the meaning of these terms. Such political ideology as Fascism is used in reference to the style of ruling that arose in Italy after The First World War and was represented by Benito Mussolini. And Nazism is embodied by the man who might be a true Nazist itself, Adam Hitler. Fascism could be considered as militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to the leader. It based on the principles of Authoritarianism: government tried to organize and control with strong discipline as much as possible in peoples lives. The first obvious difference between these two political systems is about the intention: Hitlers Nazi wanted to avenge what the world done to them after the World War I, he wished Germany to gain the hegemony all over Europe. While Mussolinis fascism just wanted to reconstruct Roman Empire, build up the southern part from agriculture to industrial as the northern part of Italy. Other areas of differences between Germany and Italy involve their people. Hitler had peoples support till the end, while Mussolini gradually lost peoples faith. After the World War I, Germany and Italy were in the same period of difficulty. Germany was considered to be the nation that made the war breaks out. Because of this reason, they had to pay massive reparations to some countries. It harmed their economy so much, and embarrassed the German people. This pushed up Hitler to start his ideas of new political policies called Nazism. Main points of this policy was to demanded more land, expand anti-semitism, and to make Germany become a super nation. Hitler used political propaganda to fuel their cause against the enemy. One of propagandas methods was the radio. That is kind of demagogism, the people knew nothing about the truth, but lies. Hitlers Nazi were also against the Jews, use them as scapegoat. Jews were cheated extremely rude. About economic, Hitlers Nazi could help their people out of the crisis, all economic activities devoted to the nation and the enlargement of the army. Role of women was not be respected, under Nazism, women ha ve only role to take care of children and support their husband to serve the state. No place for women in any important field like political or economic. About Italy, Mussolinis fascism was the only policy which have freedom, all others were extinguished. All people who against the new policy was killed or exiled. Though parliament still met, all the important decisions were done by Fascism party, all followed what the dictator Mussolini told. Local power replaced by the mandarins appointed from Rome. Local fascists always had the same power as the government officials. No freedom of press in Italy that time, all the press, radio, movies, theatre were censorship strictly. All anti-fascism editors were replaced by fascist supporters. Schooling was tightly supervised, all books were rewritten to praise the fascist system. Teachers must wear uniform, students had the right to point out any teachers who did not have the fervency to the fascism. All the economic activities also under controlled by corporate state, they tried to harmonize the employers from all class. Lockouts and strikes were not allowed. About religion, especially here is Catholic, was forced. No other religions could exist. In spite of these differences, these two fascism states share many important experiences. Since Mussolini and Hitler are allies, the way they used fascism is very similar, they have almost the same political point of view. Both of them were dictator fascists, looked for the new form of government: totalitarianism. They love to use violent, followed the doctrine of anti-democratic and anti-socialist, despised to civil rights and individual liberties. Their political ideologies formed just after the World War I. Violent propaganda was the key tool in both nations to increase social conflict everywhere in their nations, enabled the fascism government to dominate the points of view of the public to what they want to. The education systems in Germany and Italy were also very similar. The main purpose in education was to create as much well-trained and loyal soldiers as possible, because of the physical training was a major part of education. The womens role in both states was not respecte d. France is considered as the common enemy for both Germany and Italy, because France invaded territories of both two countries. All characters above may be not enough, but they are somehow representative for the similarities between Italian Fascism and Nazis Germany. Although political systems of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany differ from each other in many areas, but they still share some common experiences. As James Brown quotes: Fascism and Nazism, although poles apart in their intellectual content, are similar in this, that both have emotional appeal to the type of personality that takes pleasure in being submerged in a mass movement and submitting to superior authority.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Free Essays - Immorality and Corruption in the Great Gatsby :: Grapes Wrath essays

Immorality and Corruption in the Great Gatsby In the novel, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald many of the characters could not be classified as a truly moral, a person who exhibits goodness or correctness in their character and behavior. Nick Carraway is not moral by any means; he is responsible for an affair between two major characters, Jay Gatsby and Daisy Buchanan. Jay Gatsby does show some moral qualities when he attempts to go back and rescue Myrtle after she had been hit by Daisy. Overall Gatsby is unquestionably an immoral person. Nick Carraway and Gatsby share many immoral characteristics, but a big choice separates the two. Daisy Buchanan is an extremely immoral person; she even went to the lengths of taking someone's life. Jay and Daisy are similar but Daisy is borderline corrupt. The entire story is told through Nick Carraway's point of view and by his carelessness it is obvious the narrator possesses poor values. Throughout the entire novel it is clearly portrayed that Nick Carraway is not a moral character by any stretch of the imagination. Nick Carraway may seem to have some good values, but he is in fact immoral for many reasons. First, Nick uses Jordan Baker; he never actually became interested in a serious relationship with the golf star. Miss Baker is basically just a fling to him. Secondly, Nick Carraway always seems to be the middleman in all the trouble that is going on in the novel. The narrator knows about all the lying, deceiving, two-faced things that are going on throughout the story, and he is completely ok with it. Also Nick defends Gatsby even though he very well knows of all Gatsby's criminal activity and liquor smuggling. Finally, Nick is the character who sets up two of the main characters, Daisy Buchanan and Jay Gatsby, to have an affair. It never crosses Nick's mind that it is an immoral thing to set up an affair. During the novel there is a discussion betwee n Gatsby and Nick about when to set up the secret meeting with Daisy. During this exchange Nick actually says, "I'm going to call up Daisy tomorrow and invite her over here to tea.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Radio and Television in Mass Media Essay

A form of media that revolutionized the way humans communicate was the radio. David Sarnoff is the best candidate for the man who put radio on the map. Although it may have not been his choosing, the sinking of the Titanic in 1916 put his name in the record books. For three days straight, the young Sarnoff decoded messages from the sinking ship from his office in New York (Wells 36). The Titanic broadcast was groundbreaking, because it showed and economically profitable way by which radio could be used as a medium of mass communication for ordinary families (Wells 36). By 1930 transmitters were popping up in cities around the nation. A record 30 million households had a set, and the one set per household was becoming a reality (Wells 42). The power of radio was not really noticed until a monumental broadcast in 1939. H.G. Wells’ â€Å"War of the Worlds† broadcast brought a whole nation to its knees and caused widespread panic among millions of viewers. Hours after the broadcast, people from coast to coast were thrown into panic, believing monsters from Mars, invulnerable space ships were destroying the earth. They took to cars, ran out to warn neighbors, traffic was jammed, church services were ended. Four times during the show the listeners were reminded that they were hearing a dramatization, but many citizens couldn’t see past. After the incident, Wells told reporters that radio is a popular democratic machine for disseminating information and entertainment (Naremore 38). The power of radio was soon known, and this incident brought light to it. Today there more than 575 million radios in America alone (Encyclopedia Britannica). The latest study from the National Broadcasting Company found that 90.5 percent of the adult population listens to some type of radio during the week. Today, Clear Channel Communications owns over 1,200 radio stations across the United States, and Cumulus, the second largest owns 266 stations. (Grant, Meadows 141). With the FCC eliminating caps on ownership, one day everyone may be listening to the same news, spun whichever way Clear Channel feels like spinning it; to the left wing, or the right. Traditional radio is facing its toughest battle these days though. Satellite radio is sweeping through the market like a wildfire; with CD-quality sound, and hundreds of channels to choose from, who wouldn’t spend the ten dollars a month to have  XM or Sirius? Although both companies reported losses in mid-2004, each service looks to become profitable by the end of 2005 (Grant 142). Radio will be hard-pressed to keep up with satellite. XM’s digital music library is among the world’s largest – 1.5 million titles and counting. Out of the 121 channels available on XM, 68 are 100% commercial free 24 hours a day, year round, with over 1500 hours of live programming every week. Although XM and Sirius only represent radio’s 4.5 million subscriptions only represents a fraction of radio’s 290 million weekly listeners, the number of satellite subscriptions is expected to double in 2005 (Bachman 4). On Christmas Day 2004, over 50,000 subscribers signed up for satellite radio service. If both companies hit their projections, there will be 7.7 million satellite radio subscribers by January 2006 (Bachman 4). Satellite radio isn’t the only next generation radio system on the market. In 2004, 10,000 HD radios were sold, with prices ranging from $500-$1,000. B the end of 2005, Strubble predicts there will be a t least 600 HD radio stations, covering 80% of the U.S. and about 100,000 HD radios sold. HD radio representative John Smulyan believes, â€Å"WE think this is one of those opportunities for game-changing radio business† (Bachman 5). Television began with three companies that still dominate the airwaves, ABC, NBC, and CBS. In a world of subscription, these companies till offer free TV, but the ratings are going more towards cable. The clean cut programming that was once aired is being replaced with a plethora of violence and political propaganda that may ruin television. Television ranks just behind radio in penetration in the U.S. With over 106 million home, or 98% of the U.S. population having televisions, there is a plethora of sets ready to catch signals for people to view. Network TV has emerged over the last two decades as the dominant vehicle for interpreting national politics. TV has become the major source of news for the population, and the only news source for others. The problem is that politicians and journalists feed off each other like leeches. The politician needs the journalist for their messages to reach the intended audience, and journalists need the politicians to have something to write about. The coverage politicians seek gives them an outlet from which to speak. Those  who look good in the media can make a good image for themselves. The real problem comes when the news turns out to be propaganda, causing action from an opposing side that leads to deception. More than propaganda, violence seems to be the hot topic debated daily by politician and parent alike. Can what you child sees on television affect how he lives his/her life? E.B. White once said that â€Å"television is going to be the test of the modern world† (Simons 151). There is no doubt that television has become the central activity in homes today. Its ability to entertain, teach and persuade has huge impact on viewers. In the United States 98% of households have at least one set (Simons 149). What is astonishing is that children are watching an average of 7.5 hours a day (Simmons 149). One of the main concerns with television programming is the violence viewed by children that cannot understand the differences between fantasy and reality. Davidson, in a issue of Rolling Stones, agreed that â€Å"children are vulnerable to television between the ages of 2 to 8 years because of their maturational inability to separate what they view from reality† (qtd. in Simmons 152). Violence was such an issue that is came under consideration in the 50s and 60’s in Congress. The findings supported the idea that a casual relationship existed between television violence and aggressive behavior. The National Coalition on Television Violence has classified the Mighty Morphin Power Rangers as the most violent program ever studied, with almost 200 violent acts per hour (Simmons 150). In an experimental study involving 5 to 11 year olds, children who watch Power Rangers committed seven times more aggressive acts than those who did not. Shows such as these caused a large number of accidents and quarrels due to the children imitating the characters actions. There is no doubt that the television programming has engulfed the U.S. population. As of 2003, 71.3% of U.S. households received cable programming (Grant, Meadows 29). This fact is amazing, because cable had only been around for fifty years. Not only programming is changing, but how we receive it as well. In May 2002, the FCC set a deadline by which all U.S. commercial television broadcasters were required to be broadcasting digital television signals. This date was a little early though, but by September 2003, 38 of 40 stations in the 10 largest markets in the United  States began broadcasting digital television signals (Grant, Meadows 28). By early 2004, 1.5 million household were watching HDTV, and that number is going to rise sharply. This means clearer sound and displays, recordable content, and crisp, clear reception of the same channels that have always been around. What if new 16Ãâ€"9 television sets make news broadcasts look weird or maybe cartoons might not look good on a widescreen set? There is no telling where the television market will go, hopefully bigger and better; but will content become more subtle, or so radical that new laws must be made to subdue? â€Å"Radios.†Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. 1999. Encyclopedia Britannica. 13 February 2005 Grant, August and Jennifer Meadows. Communication Technology Update. Oxford: Focal Press, 2004. Naremore, James. The Man who caused the Mars Panic†. Humanities, Vol 24 (2003) 38-40 Simmons, Betty Jo, Stalsworth, Kelly, Wentzel, Heather. â€Å"Television Violence and Its Effects on Young Children.† Early Childhood Education journal Vol 26 (1999): 149-153 Wells, Alan. Mass Media and Society. Palo Alto, National Press Books. 1972